A Simple Guide to ISLAM
Pious Caliphate
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founded military centres all like Basra, Kufa, Fustat, which later
developed into great cities of Islam. He created the office of Qazi.
Umar Farooq was a political genius and he succeeded in uniting all
the disparate elements during his rule. A new Muslim state
emerged under his able leadership.
Inspite of being the powerful ruler of an empire he lived an
extremely simple life. Because of his high moral character he
inspired respect and admiration from all alike. He was at the height
of his powers when he was stabbed by Abu Lulu on November 3,
644, a Persian Christian.
Umar Farooq was thus not only a great ruler but also an
embodiment of all the virtues of Islam.
USMAN IBN AFFAN – THE THIRD CALIPH
(644-656)
Usman belonged to the Umayyad family. He was Abu Bakr’s friend
and it was Abu Bakr who had introduced Islam to him. Usman
accepted Islam without questioning. He was the only member of
the Umayyads to become a Muslim during the time of the
persecution of Muslims. He was married to the Prophet’s daughter
Ruqayya. On seeing the enmity of the Quraysh due to his
conversion, he asked Prophet’s permission to migrate to Abyssinia,
the land of the kind Christian king, Najashi. He and his wife
Ruqayya were thus among the first to give up their home in the
cause of God. When Muslims began to emigrate to Madinah,
